Humanism in the High Renaissance

            Throughout the Early and High Renaissance, many artists were interested in a theory known as humanism. Humanism, which is the celebration of human achievement, first emerged in the Classical Era. Then, in the 15^th and 16^th centuries, the theory of humanism was revived by artists and other intellectuals. Artists at this time were often considered “Renaissance Men” because of their focus on self-improvement and knowledge of a multitude of subjects. This interest in learning and progress was influenced by humanism and lead artists to create and use many new techniques. During the High Renaissance, artists refined ideals regarding naturalism, idealism, and the depiction of anatomy. There was also an increased awareness of realism, because this represented an appreciation for human kind.

Of the many Renaissance artists, one of the less famous painters is Tiziano Vecellio, better known as Titian today. Titian was the assistant to the Venetian artist Giorgione. The two artists collaborated for almost three years until Giorgione passed away from the plague. Titian’s artistic style practically mirrored Giorgione’s and he eventually became the official painter to the republic of Venice. Titian created rich, luminous images by layering oil paint onto canvas. He created this vibrant paint by layering pure colors of red, white, yellow and black. Like many of the Renaissance painters, Titian showed an interest in humanism, which is highlighted in his artwork.

In the spring of 1538, Titian was commissioned to paint a nude portrait for the duke of Urbino, Guidobaldo della Rovere. The painting, titled Venus of Urbino, depicts a naked woman reclining on a bed, with her left hand covering her genitalia. In the background, two servants are removing or storing her clothing. At this time, it was popular for male patrons to request “Venus” paintings that they could enjoy and appreciate. However, the nude form also represents the celebration of humanism and the human form. The Venus in this painting is incredibly idealized. Her face is flawless and beautiful, her skin is pale and soft, and her body is attractive and curvaceous. These characteristics reflect an appreciation of human beauty. Titian also utilized some of the artistic techniques developed during the Renaissance. He uses both linear and atmospheric perspective to accurately portray depth. In addition, Titian shows an interest in anatomy in both the Venus and her servants. All of these figures are realistically proportioned. And, although the Venus is very idealized and perfect, her body is still very similar to that of a naked woman. The many techniques Titian used when creating the Venus of Urbino, represents a greater interest in humanism and the acquisition of new knowledge.

As you can see, humanism was a very influential aspect on the artwork of the High Renaissance. Artists created and refined many techniques, which demonstrates the incredible accomplishment of humans during this period. The revival of many classical ideas also represents the celebration of human achievement throughout history. Artists were able to create beautiful representations of the real world through painting, sculpture, architecture, and more. Today, the Renaissance continues to be one of the most renowned artistic periods in history.